Guidelines for Multiple Copying for Classroom Use

The stated purpose of the classroom guidelines is to state the minimum and not the maximum standards of educational fair use under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright law.   Multiple copies (not to exceed more than one copy per student in a course) may be made by or for the instructor for classroom use or discussion if the following guidelines are followed.

1. The copying meets the tests of brevity and spontaneity.
2. It meets the cumulative effect test.
3. Each copy includes a notice of copyright.
4. Copying isn’t used to create, replace or substitute for anthologies, compilations or collective works.

• Reproduction of Copyrighted Works by Educators and Librarians from the U.S. Copyright Office.